What are anions?

Anions are specifically defined as ions that carry a negative charge. This occurs when an atom gains one or more electrons, resulting in more electrons than protons in that atom. The increased electron count creates an overall negative charge, distinguishing anions from cations, which are positively charged ions that result from the loss of electrons.

Understanding the nature of anions is essential in various biological processes, including cellular signaling and the formation of ionic compounds, where anions and cations interact. For instance, in biological systems, common anions include chloride (Cl⁻) and bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻), which play crucial roles in maintaining the balance of fluids and pH levels in living organisms.